Fermi and eRosita bubbles as relics of the past activity of the Galaxy’s central black hole
銀河系中費米/eRosita泡泡的成因可能與中心的黑洞噴流活動有關

Yang, HY.K*., Ruszkowski, M. & Zweibel, E.G.
Nature Astronomy 6, 584–591 (2022)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01618-x

The newly launched X-ray satellite, eRosita, has recently revealed two gigantic bubbles extending to ~80 degrees above and below the Galactic center. The morphology of these “eRosita bubbles” bears a remarkable resemblance to the Fermi bubbles previously discovered in gamma rays. The physical origin of these striking structures has been intensely debated. We propose a theoretical model in which the eRosita and Fermi bubbles could be simultaneously explained by a single event of jet activity from the central supermassive black hole a few million years ago. Using numerical simulations, we show that this model could successfully reproduce the morphology and multi-wavelength spectra of the observed bubbles, which allows us to derive critical constraints on the energetics and timescales of the outburst. This study serves as an important step forward in our understanding of the past Galactic center activity of our Milky Way Galaxy, and may bring valuable insights into the broader picture of supermassive black hole-galaxy co-evolution in the context of galaxy formation.

在2020年底，X射線望遠鏡eRosita發現銀河系中兩個巨大的泡泡，稱為”eRosita泡泡”，它們與2010年在伽瑪射線波段的費米泡泡形狀非常相似，很可能為同一個銀河系中心的能量噴發所造成，但成因眾說紛紜。我們用先進的數值模擬，同時描述噴射中的宇宙射線和銀河系中氣體之間的交互作用，藉由與多波段觀測數據的比對，推測費米和eRosita泡泡很有可能是中心的超大質量黑洞在數百萬年前的噴流活動所造成，此研究使我們對於銀河系的形成演化和超大質量黑洞與星系之間的交互作用有更深的了解。